Red Hat DIRECTORY SERVER 2.0 - GATEWAY Bedienungsanleitung PDF herunterladen (Seite 10)

Chapter 1. Installing the software

cgi−bin

error

html

icons

*.html.var

include

bottom.html

spacer.html

top.html

usage

msfree.png

webalizer.png

*.png

/var/www

Figure 1-9. Initial document hierarchy

The /var/www directory is the default location for ﬁles served by the web server. One

of its subdirectories, cgi-bin is empty as Apache does not ship with CGI scripts any

more. This course does not cover CGI programming. There is a different University

Computing Service course, CGI Scripting for Programmers: Introduction, for this.

The html subdirectory is similarly almost empty. Its only content is a directory usage

which has nothing to do with how to run the web server but is, rather, where the

webalizer log analysis application puts its reports on how much the server has been

used. We will cover this in depth in the Section called Log ﬁle analysis in Chapter 7. The

html directory is the basic website. Anything put here will appear on the website. See

the Section called Quick and Dirty Web Server for how to get a web site up and running

as quickly as possible.

The icons subdirectory contains the icons used in the automatically generated list-

ings. We will use these extensively when we discuss automatic indexing of directories

in the Section called Automatic indexing of directories in Chapter 6.

The most complex installed directory structure is in error. This contains a large num-

ber of ﬁles whose names are HTTP error names with .html.var as a sufﬁx. Each of

these contains the web page that will be displayed if the corresponding error condi-

tion happens. We will not be discussing error documents in this course. Each error

page has the error in four different languages and the web server is geared up to

serve the appropriate language from the choice. (This is what the .var sufﬁx is all

about.)

Note that the /var/www directory tree is owned by root. Any changes to the website

as the system currently stands need to be done by root

Two other changes have been made to the system. A user and group have been cre-

ated for the web server to run as.

$ grep apache /etc/passwd /etc/group

/etc/passwd:apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin

/etc/group:apache:x:48:

Figure 1-10. The apache user and group

User programs included with the web server

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