Red Hat SYSTEM 8.0 - MIGRATION GUIDE 7.X TO 8.0 Installationsanleitung PDF herunterladen (Seite 115)

Appendix E. An Introduction to Disk Partitions 115

The ﬁnal number denotes the partition. The ﬁrst four (primary or extended) partitions are num-

bered 1 through 4. Logical partitions start at 5. So, for example, /dev/hda3 is the third primary

or extended partition on the ﬁrst IDE hard disk, and /dev/sdb6 is the second logical partition

on the second SCSI hard disk.

Note

There is no part of this naming convention that is based on partition type; unlike DOS/Windows, all

partitions can be identiﬁed under Red Hat Linux. Of course, this does not mean that Red Hat Linux

can access data on every type of partition, but in many cases it is possible to access data on a

partition dedicated to another operating system.

Keep this information in mind; it will make things easier to understand when you are setting up the

partitions Red Hat Linux requires.

E.1.6. Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems

If your Red Hat Linux partitions will be sharing a hard disk with partitions used by other operat-

ing systems, most of the time you will have no problems. However, there are certain combinations of

Linux and other operating systems that require extra care. Information on creating disk partitions com-

patible with other operating systems is available in several HOWTOs and Mini-HOWTOs, available

on the Red Hat Linux Documentation CD in the HOWTO and HOWTO/mini directories. In particular,

the Mini-HOWTOs whose names start with Linux+ are quite helpful.

Note

If Red Hat Linux/x86 will coexist on your machine with OS/2, you must create your disk partitions with

the OS/2 partitioning software —— otherwise, OS/2 may not recognize the disk partitions. During

the installation, do not create any new partitions, but do set the proper partition types for your Linux

partitions using the Linux fdisk.

E.1.7. Disk Partitions and Mount Points

One area that many people new to Linux ﬁnd confusing is the matter of how partitions are used and

accessed by the Linux operating system. In DOS/Windows, it is relatively simple: Each partition gets

a "drive letter." You then use the correct drive letter to refer to ﬁles and directories on its corresponding

partition.

This is entirely different from how Linux deals with partitions and, for that matter, with disk storage

in general. The main difference is that each partition is used to form part of the storage necessary to

support a single set of ﬁles and directories. This is done by associating a partition with a directory

through a process known as mounting. Mounting a partition makes its storage available starting at the

speciﬁed directory (known as a mount point).

For example, if partition /dev/hda5 were mounted on /usr, that would mean that all

ﬁles and directories under /usr would physically reside on /dev/hda5. So the ﬁle

/usr/share/doc/FAQ/txt/Linux-FAQ would be stored on /dev/hda5, while the ﬁle

/etc/X11/gdm/Sessions/Gnome would not.

Continuing our example, it is also possible that one or more directories below /usr would be

mount points for other partitions. For instance, a partition (say, /dev/hda7) could be mounted on

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Red Hat SYSTEM 8.0 - MIGRATION GUIDE 7.X TO 8.0 Installationsanleitung Seite 115